PROBiome ORAL – Oral Microbiota Analisys

PROBiome ORAL

ORAL MICROBIOTA ANALYSIS

The most advanced test to understand causes, identify personalized treatments, and guide therapy maintenance for patients with oral cavity disorders. The personalization of treatments is the key to 360° prevention and health.

The oral cavity is a complex ecosystem, comprising various habitats including teeth, gums, tongue, and tonsils, all colonized by bacteria.

The oral cavity microbiota forms a complex biofilm that remains stable against environmental changes. However, oral dysbiosis caused by infections, injuries, dietary changes, and risk factors (e.g., smoking) can lead to changes in this barrier, which performs protective functions, favoring the colonization and invasion of pathogens that induce host immune responses through chronic inflammation and the development of local and systemic diseases.

Much of this damage is reversible if the pathogenic communities are recognized and removed, restoring oral homeostasis. To this end, we have developed PROBiome ORAL, an innovative test that uses Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) DNA sequencing techniques and is able to completely analyze the bacterial composition present in the oral cavity and produce a personalized report—where the test result is reported regarding the health status of the oral cavity (microbial predisposition to pathologies) and a series of specific tips for taking care of it.

The key to a healthier life starts in your mouth; in fact, research indicates that many common chronic conditions, such as obesity, inflammation, stroke, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, and cancer, often have their origins in the mouth. The new vision of oral health, unlike the conventional one, does not see teeth as separate from the rest of the body, opening new frontiers for our well-being.

Oral cavity dysbiosis: Development of disease in the oral cavity. Oral health involves the colonization of the enamel and the gingival sulcus.

WHAT IS IT FOR?

The test highlights problems in the oral cavity and, in particular, provides useful information to counteract the onset of various disorders and pathologies.

In light of this “new informations”, it is possible to find effective strategies aimed at rebalancing the bacterial microflora of the oral cavity through personalized therapeutic plans.

WHO IS IT ADDRESSED TO?

To people suffering from oral problems (cavities, gingivitis, oral infections and inflammations, periodontitis and stomatitis, recurrent herpes, systemic pathologies, and oral cavity dysbiosis) and in the pre-implantological period.

The test allows the analysis of the bacterial composition present in the oral cavity.

Periodontal Disease

Periodontitis, or periodontal disease, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontium, the tissues that surround and support the teeth. This pathology affects approximately 60% of the population in Italy. Of these, about 10% manifest advanced forms. The age group between 35 and 44 years is particularly affected, and it is the most common cause of tooth loss worldwide. Periodontal disease has a polymicrobial etiology within a complex ecosystem.

The bacterial species most implicated in the pathogenesis of Periodontitis are P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. Forsythia, which are habitually found in subgingival plaque in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Periodontitis is characterized by the destruction of the periodontal ligament, connective tissue, and alveolar bone due to chronic immune and inflammatory responses. Inflammation in periodontitis is primarily mediated by IL-1, IL-8, TNF-α, prostaglandins, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These mediators are tasked with influencing the functions and activities of leukocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, promoting tissue remodeling at local and systemic levels.

Associations between periodontitis and systemic disease. Figure adapted from Winning and Linden (2015) 53.

Susceptibility to periodontal disease is influenced by host genotype, stress, diet, and associated behavior, including smoking.

The information obtainable with PROBiome ORAL – Oral Microbiota Analysis on the composition and assembly processes of the oral microbiota represents a unique tool in the development of effective strategies and monitoring protocols for periodontal therapy.

Cavities

Caries is one of the most widespread chronic diseases in the world. Caries is a multifactorial infectious pathology, due to an imbalance of the oral ecosystem. The predominance of cariogenic species in the oral bacterial biofilm (plaque) represents the pre-requisite without which the pathology cannot establish itself. The sole therapy for the carious lesion, i.e., treating the clinical sign of the disease, does not influence the infectious state, except marginally; this means that the risk of developing new carious lesions persists if the causes of the disease are not addressed. Correct caries management must, therefore, involve an assessment of the individual risk of developing new carious lesions and the application of preventive measures is necessary to reduce the risk of new lesions.

 

Gingivitis and Bleeding

Inflammation is the first sign of a gum disorder. Gingivitis affects the marginal gums and is characterized by redness, edema, bleeding on probing, and sometimes increases in gum volume. They are completely reversible but can precede periodontitis.

Peri-implantitis

Infections affecting dental implants are quite common (peri-implant mucositis (PIM) and peri-implantitis (PI) manifest in 80% and 56% of cases, respectively). Diagnostic and differential methods are still lacking, as are treatment options, which mainly focus on the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, both pre and post-intervention, combined transversely with good oral hygiene.

Studies exploring the microbiome of healthy and diseased peri-implant sites using NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technology suggest that the peri-implant microbiome is quite distinct in health and disease.

Peri-implantitis sites have shown an enrichment for pathogens, at the expense of a depletion of species compatible with the host.

Monitoring specific species-specific markers could be a valid support for anticipating the start of treatment as well as for having an idea of the course.

Read the article **ORAL MICROBIOTA: A WINDOW INTO YOUR GENERAL HEALTH STATUS**

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